The word salary is derived from Latin salarium and is related to the word sal 'salt', because originally salarium was a soldier's allowance to purchase salt. So etymologically speaking, your salary is 'salt money.'
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Whiskey is from Gaelic uisge beatha and literally means 'water of life'.
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The source of the word tulip is the Turkish word tülbent 'turban,' because the shape of the flower was perceived to resemble a turban.
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October is derived from Latin octo 'eight,' because it was originally the eighth month of the old Roman calendar, which began the year in March. After a reform in 46 BCE it became the tenth month, but despite numerous attempts, the name not only stuck but spread to other languages.
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The term robot was coined by the Czech writer Karel Čapek in his 1920 play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). He had derived the word from Czech robota 'forced labor.'
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Monday literally means 'day of the moon.' So does lundi in French (and lunes in Spanish, or lunedi in Italian).
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The word sinister is derived from Latin sinister, which meant 'left, on the left side.' It also meant 'unfavorable, harmful' because omens, especially bird flights, seen on the left side were considered predictors of misfortune.
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The word clue originally meant 'a ball of thread' and it shifted its meaning to 'something that leads the way' in reference to Ariadne in Greek mythology, who gives her beloved Theseus a ball of thread to help him find his way out of the Labyrinth.
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A lady is etymologically speaking 'the one who kneads bread.' The word derived from Old English hlafdige, from hlaf 'bread, loaf' and dige 'kneader.' The lady's partner, her lord, is literally the 'one who guards the bread,' from Old English hlafweard (hlaf 'loaf, bread' + weard 'guardian').
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